The Earth’s inner core, a solid sphere predominantly composed of iron and nickel, occupies a central role in our planet’s evolution and geodynamo processes. Although hidden beneath thousands of ...

Cartoon of the Earth with cutaway showing the mantle and inner and outer core. Magnetic field lines produced by the geodynamo extend into space and interact with the solar wind. The iron-rich core at ...

Deep beneath our feet, far beyond the reach of drills or submersibles, Earth hides a solid metal heart that behaves in ways geophysicists have struggled to explain. New experiments now suggest that a ...

The solid inner core at the center of the Earth, surrounded by the outer core, mantle and crust. Here’s why: While it is well known that a material must be at or below its freezing temperature to be ...

A recent study jointly conducted by Chinese and US scientists found that Mars has a solid inner core, challenging the long-held beliefs that the structure does not exist. Published in Nature journal, ...

New research suggests that Earth’s solid inner core might not be as rigid as once believed. Instead, it could exist in an ...

Russell has a PhD in the history of medicine, violence, and colonialism. His research has explored topics including ethics, science governance, and medical involvement in violent contexts. Russell has ...