Introduction: In unsupervised learning, data clustering is essential. However, many current algorithms have issues like early convergence, inadequate local search capabilities, and trouble processing ...

Abstract: The shuffled frog leaping algorithm is easily sunk into local optimum and not enough accurate when optimizing the problem of some higher dimensional functions. In view of these shortcomings, ...

2- Add infeasibility check while solving. 3- Implement proper memory de-allocation. 4- Might as well substitute .txt data input with .csv data instead. Maybe even work on better data parsing since it ...

Abstract: As a recent swarm-based intelligent optimization algorithm, Pigeon Inspired Optimization (PIO), is motivated by the natural bio-mechanism of pigeons for their superior skills in destination ...

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